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  • The lack of clear regulations and controls explains that P25TiO2NPs are still found in many of the commercialized sunscreens in the market. Some of them are coated to reduce the photoactivity of the anatase form, which is known to be responsible for tissue damage, but not enough studies were made on these coated forms. The anatase photoactivity could trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as it was stated before. The ROS are chemically reactive species containing oxygen, such as peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen. They are regularly produced in the biological milieu and counterbalanced by physiological antioxidant defense mechanisms. However, an abrupt increase of ROS may result in non-reversible damage to the skin cells. The effects of coated and uncoated P25TiO2NPs need therefore to be studied, and articles on this topic present different conclusions. [11][12][13] Recent literature on this topic found that TiO2NPs inhalation provokes serious genotoxicity and DNA damage [14][15][16][17]. On the other hand, some studies in rats have reported no significant harm to genetic material [18][19][20][21][22].

  • Titanium dioxide has similar uses in non-food products. It is used in sunscreen as effective protection against UVA/UVB rays from the sun, which creates a physical barrier between the sun’s rays and the skin. It’s also used to whiten paint, paper, plastic, ink, rubber, and cosmetics.

  • Background and overview

    Globally, 
    Iron Oxide is the second largest inorganic pigment after Titanium Dioxide and the first largest color inorganic pigment. Iron oxide pigments mainly include iron oxide red, yellow, black and brown with iron oxide as the basic material. Iron oxide yellow, also known as hydroxyl iron oxide (FeOOH), will be dehydrated and decomposed into red at about 177 ℃, so the application of ordinary iron yellow pigment in high-temperature occasions such as plastic processing and baking coatings is limited. Iron oxide yellow pigment can improve its temperature resistance through surface coating, so as to expand the application field of iron oxide yellow pigment.

    The chemical formula of iron oxide yellow (also known as hydroxyl iron) is α- Fe2O3 · H2O or α- FeOOH, with needle like structure and yellow powder, is a kind of particle size less than 0.1 μ m. Iron series pigment with good dispersibility in transparent medium has strong coloring power, high covering power, insoluble in alkali and slightly soluble in ACID. Synthetic iron oxide yellow has the characteristics of light resistance, good dispersion, non-toxic, tasteless and difficult to be absorbed by human body. It is widely used in coatings, plastics, ink and pharmaceutical industry.

    Physical and chemical properties and structure

    1. Iron oxide yellow pigment has acid and alkali resistance, resistance to general weak and dilute acids, and is very stable in alkaline solution of any concentration.

    2. Iron oxide yellow pigment has certain light resistance, heat resistance and weather resistance. Its coating color is durable and can keep the coating from being damaged in light. Iron oxide yellow pigment is stable in a certain temperature range, but beyond the limit temperature, its color begins to change, and the degree of change is more significant with the increase of temperature. Iron oxide yellow pigment is not affected by cold, heat, dry and wet weather conditions.

    3. Iron oxide yellow pigment is very stable in any ambient atmosphere (such as gases containing H 2S, Co, so 2, HCl, no, etc.). And resistant to pollution, water, oil and solvent penetration, insoluble in water, mineral oil or vegetable oil.

    4. Iron oxide yellow pigment has strong coloring power and high hiding power. With the decrease of pigment particle size, its coloring power is stronger.

    application

    Nano iron oxide yellow has the characteristics of acid resistance, alkali resistance, non toxicity and low price. It is widely used in coatings, plastics and rubber. The particle size of nano iron yellow is less than 100 nm, which makes it have some unique characteristics. When light shines on its surface, transmission and diffraction will occur, showing transparent yellow, and can strongly absorb ultraviolet rays, Therefore, it can be used as a functional pigment for the surface paint of high-grade cars, precision instruments, bicycles, motorcycles, cosmetics, food, drugs and other coloring additives.

  • Titanium dioxide A1 adopts good oxidation process, composite inorganic coating and organic treatment, and has the characteristics of excellent particle size distribution, high brightness and high weather resistance. It is recommended for high gloss and high weather resistance coatings, inks and outdoor polymer materials.

    1. The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) warns against sprayable products and powders that may expose users’ lungs to titanium dioxide through inhalation (10).

    2. In a study published in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology in 2016, researchers investigated whether titanium dioxide exposure led to an increase in colorectal tumor creation in mice by using a colitis associated cancer model. By measuring tumor progression markers, the researchers found that mice given titanium dioxide experienced enhanced tumor formation in the distal colon.  There was also a decrease of cells that act as a protective barrier in the colon. The researchers wrote: “These results suggest that E171 could worsen pre-existent intestinal diseases.”

    3. In addition to its high quality, China also offers competitive prices for titanium dioxide. The country benefits from lower production costs, abundant raw materials, and a skilled workforce, allowing manufacturers to offer their products at more affordable prices compared to other regions. This has made Chinese titanium dioxide a cost-effective option for many industries around the world.
    4. Anatase product factories are equipped with state-of-the-art machinery and technologies to produce high-quality anatase products. These factories follow strict quality control measures to ensure that their products meet international standards. The production process typically involves several stages, including raw material preparation, grinding, calcination, and classification.
    5. Another benefit of using TiO2 in paper production is its UV-blocking properties
      tio2
      tio2 used in paper supplier. TiO2 has the ability to absorb and reflect harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can cause paper to yellow and degrade over time. By incorporating TiO2 into paper products, paper suppliers can enhance their durability and longevity, ensuring that they remain looking fresh and vibrant for longer periods. This is particularly important for archival papers and documents that need to be preserved for generations.
    6. Barium zinc sulfate, a complex inorganic salt with the chemical formula BaZn(SO4)2, has emerged as a critical component in various industrial sectors. Its unique physical and chemical properties make it an indispensable ingredient for manufacturing processes that demand high performance and reliability.
    7. The so-called “barrier effect” makes it possible to achieve good anti-corrosion protection in primers.

    8. The global coating raw material market is dynamic and competitive, driven by factors like technological advancements, changing consumer preferences, and stringent environmental regulations. Companies that can adapt swiftly to these changes and innovate consistently tend to thrive.
    9. One of the top manufacturers of titanium dioxide R-996 is Company X. They are known for their high-quality products that meet strict industry standards. Their titanium dioxide R-996 is produced using advanced technologies and processes to ensure consistency and purity. This results in a product that provides excellent coverage and opacity, making it ideal for use in a wide range of applications.
    10. Resistant
      Resistance to heat, light and weathering prevents degradation of paint and in films and embrittlement of plastics.
    11. The surge in demand for interior and exterior paints and use of plastic across various end-use industries drive the global Lithopone market. Lithopone white pigment is used in paints and coating systems that find applications in residential and industrial landscapes. Hence, as the construction & building sector flourishes, the demand for building and architectural materials such as paints and coatings will increase. This trend is conducive for the Lithopone market growth. In addition, white plastic materials are increasingly being used in consumer products. Developments in plastic forming technology is anticipated to indirectly boost plastic production, thus, increasing the demand for white pigments during the forecast period.

    12. The demand for TiO2 has been steadily increasing over the years, driven by the growth in construction, automotive, and cosmetic industries. As a result, there is a growing need for efficient and sustainable methods of producing this vital material.
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